Plant genes

Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.

Recent analysis of the poplar genome suggests more than 45,000 genes, and partial sequence data from Medicago and Lotus also suggest that these plants contain more than 40,000 genes. Nevertheless, estimations suggest that ancestral angiosperms had no more than 12,000-14,000 genes.

The chemicals come in four types A, C, T and G. A gene is a section of DNA made up of a sequence of As, Cs, Ts and Gs. Your genes are so tiny you have around 20,000 of them inside every cell in your body!

1- Enter the Cell: One unique feature of a plant cell is the chloroplast, the engine of photosynthesis. The DNA from chloroplasts is some of the most reliable in a plant cell. That's because it's inherited from only one parent, making it easier to understand than the DNA in the nucleus (more on that later!).

For example, if both of your parents have green eyes, you might inherit the trait for green eyes from them. Or if your mom has freckles, you might have freckles too because you inherited the trait for freckles. Genes aren't just found in humans — all animals and plants have genes, too.

Specifically, genes are the instructions to make proteins, which are the building blocks of the body. Genes are made of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA. Genes influence many of our characteristics including the likelihood of developing disease.

Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.