Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that’s passed between people through skin-to-skin contact. There are over 100 varieties of HPV, more than 40Trusted Source of which are passed through sexual contact and can affect your genitals, mouth, or throat.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI).It’s so common that most sexually active people will get some variety of it at some point, even if they have few sexual partners.Some cases of genital HPV infection may not cause any health problems. However, some types of HPV can lead to the development of genital warts and even cancers of the cervix, anus, and throat.

HPV causes:The virus that causes HPV infection is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Most people get a genital HPV infection through direct sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Because HPV is a skin-to-skin infection, intercourse isn’t required for transmission to occur.Many people have HPV and don’t even know it, which means you can still contract it even if your partner doesn’t have any symptoms. It’s also possible to have multiple types of HPV.In rare cases, a mother who has HPV can transmit the virus to her baby during delivery. When this happens, the child may develop a condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis where they develop HPV-related warts inside their throat or airways.

HPV symptoms: Often, HPV infection doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms or health problems.In fact, 90 percentTrusted Source of HPV infections (9 out of 10) go away on their own within two years, according to the CDC. However, because the virus is still in a person’s body during this time, that person may unknowingly transmit HPV.When the virus doesn’t go away on its own, it can cause serious health problems. These include genital warts and warts in the throat (known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis).HPV can also cause cervical cancer and other cancers of the genitals, head, neck, and throat.The types of HPV that cause warts are different from the types that cause cancer. So, having genital warts caused by HPV doesn’t mean that you’ll develop cancer.Cancers caused by HPV often don’t show symptoms until the cancer is in later stages of growth. Regular screenings can help diagnose HPV-related health problems earlier. This can improve outlook and increase chances of survival.

HPV in men: Many men who contract an HPV infection have no symptoms, although some may develop genital warts. See your doctor if you notice any unusual bumps or lesions on your penis, scrotum, or anus.Some strains of HPV can cause penile, anal, and throat cancer in men. Some men may be more at risk for developing HPV-related cancers, including men who receive anal sex and men with a weakened immune system.The strains of HPV that cause genital warts aren’t the same as those that cause cancer. Get more information about HPV infection in men.

HPV in women: It’s estimated that 80 percentTrusted Source of women will contract at least one type of HPV during their lifetime. Like with men, many women that get HPV don’t have any symptoms and the infection goes away without causing any health problems.Some women may notice that they have genital warts, which can appear inside the vagina, in or around the anus, and on the cervix or vulva.Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice any unexplained bumps or growths in or around your genital area.Some strains of HPV can cause cervical cancer or cancers of the vagina, anus, or throat. Regular screening can help detect the changes associated with cervical cancer in women. Additionally, DNA tests on cervical cells can detect strains of HPV associated with genital cancers.Women Updated guidelines from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommend that women have their first Pap test, or Pap smear, at age 21, regardless of onset of sexual activity.Regular Pap tests help to identify abnormal cells in women. These can signal cervical cancer or other HPV-related problems.Women ages 21 to 29 should have just a Pap test every three years. From ages 30 to 65, women should do one of the following:receive a Pap test every three years,receive an HPV test every five years; it will screen for high-risk types of HPV (hrHPV).

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Regards,

John Kimberly

Editotorial Team

Journal of Womens Health and Reproductive Medicine